The Academy

The Academy

Breed Group

Toy & Companion Dogs

Bred primarily for close companionship and life alongside people.

All Breed Groups19 completed guides

About the Group

About Toy & Companion Dogs

Toy and companion breeds were developed primarily for companionship, alerting, and close human connection. They are socially attentive, often alert, and can be highly sensitive. Their smaller size does not mean they need less training — in fact, many small breeds need more structured socialization and confidence-building than larger breeds, because their world is proportionally larger and more overwhelming.

Browse All Breeds

19 completed breed guides in Toy & Companion Dogs

Select any breed tile to open its full profile. Filters narrow only the breeds already in this group — they never pull in breeds from another group.

Filter & sort breeds within this group

Typical Energy

Coat Care

19 breeds in this group

Affenpinscher

Companion

Small

Affenpinscher

A small, compact German companion with a monkey-like wiry face — bold, curious and playful, with moderate-high exercise needs, terrier-like drive and a wiry coat that suits active companion homes prepared for hand-stripping.

View Breed Guide
Biewer Terrier outdoors

Toy & Companion

Small

Biewer Terrier

A small long-coated companion breed developed from Yorkshire Terrier lines, known for its tricolour coat, lively personality and close bond with people.

View Breed Guide
Brussels Griffon

Companion

Small

Brussels Griffon

A small, characterful Belgian companion with a bearded pushed-in face — intelligent, alert and devoted, with moderate exercise needs and either a wiry (hand-stripped) or smooth coat that suit companion homes prepared for grooming and attention.

View Breed Guide
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Companion Spaniel

Small

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

A gentle, elegant toy spaniel bred for companionship — affectionate, sociable and soft-tempered, with moderate exercise needs, a long silky coat and a significant breed-specific heart-health consideration that demands honest breeder research.

View Breed Guide
An adult Chihuahua standing alert

Companion

Small

Chihuahua

A tiny, alert Mexican companion — bold, loyal and characterful, with moderate exercise needs, a strong bond and significant fragility that demands careful handling, socialization and protection from large dogs and young children.

View Breed Guide
An adult Chinese Crested standing alert

Companion

Small

Chinese Crested

A slender, elegant companion that comes in hairless and powderpuff varieties — affectionate, playful and sociable, with moderate exercise needs and significant skin care (hairless) or coat care (powderpuff) that suit companion homes.

View Breed Guide
Adult English Toy Spaniel

Companion Spaniel

English Toy Spaniel

A small companion spaniel with a gentle, affectionate temperament and deep historical ties to European court life.

View Breed Guide
An adult French Bulldog standing

Companion

Small

French Bulldog

A compact, social companion breed with significant health considerations — brachycephalic airway, spinal, skin, eye, and reproductive concerns. Popularity and compact size do not make the breed low-maintenance; breathing, heat, and spinal risks must not be minimized.

View Breed Guide
An adult Havanese standing alert

Companion

Small

Havanese

A sturdy, cheerful Cuban companion with a long silky coat — sociable, intelligent and affectionate, with moderate-high exercise needs, significant coat care and a strong social bond that suit family homes prepared for daily grooming.

View Breed Guide
An adult Japanese Chin standing alert

Companion

Small

Japanese Chin

A small, elegant Asian companion with a long silky coat — gentle, dignified and cat-like, with low-moderate exercise needs, a long coat and mild brachycephalic considerations that suit calm companion homes prepared for grooming.

View Breed Guide
An adult Maltese standing alert

Companion

Small

Maltese

A tiny, elegant companion with a long flowing white coat — gentle, affectionate and sociable, with moderate exercise needs, significant coat care and fragility that suit companion homes prepared for daily grooming.

View Breed Guide
An adult Miniature Pinscher standing alert

Companion

Small

Miniature Pinscher

A sleek, athletic German companion — bold, energetic and alert with a high-stepping gait, moderate-high exercise needs and a terrier-like temperament that suits active companion homes.

View Breed Guide
An adult Papillon standing alert

Companion Spaniel

Small

Papillon

A small, fine-boned companion spaniel with distinctive butterfly ears — intelligent, alert and energetic, with moderate-high exercise needs, high trainability and a bold character that suit active companion homes.

View Breed Guide
An adult Pekingese standing alert

Companion

Small

Pekingese

A compact, heavy-fronted Chinese companion with a long coarse coat — regal, loyal and dignified, with low-moderate exercise needs, a long coat and brachycephalic considerations that suit calm homes prepared for daily grooming and heat awareness.

View Breed Guide
An adult Pomeranian standing alert

Companion Spitz

Small

Pomeranian

A compact, fluffy spitz-type companion with a fox-like face — bold, alert and energetic, with moderate exercise needs, a double coat and significant vocalizing that suits active companion homes prepared for grooming.

View Breed Guide
An adult Pug standing alert

Companion

Small

Pug

A compact, charming companion with a wrinkled face and curled tail — sociable, playful and affectionate, with moderate exercise needs and significant brachycephalic breathing, eye and heat-sensitivity considerations that demand honest awareness.

View Breed Guide
Four-month-old Russian Toy puppy

Companion Dog

Small

Russian Toy

A tiny, elegant Russian companion breed with smooth and long-coated varieties, lively energy and a strong desire for human company.

View Breed Guide
An adult Shih Tzu standing alert

Companion

Small

Shih Tzu

A compact, sturdy companion with a long flowing coat — affectionate, sociable and cheerful, with moderate exercise needs, a long double coat and mild brachycephalic considerations that suit family homes prepared for daily grooming.

View Breed Guide
An adult Toy Poodle standing alert

Companion

Small

Toy Poodle

A small, elegant companion with a curly coat — intelligent, alert and sociable, with moderate-high exercise needs, high trainability and low shedding that suit active companion homes prepared for professional grooming.

View Breed Guide

History

Original work and history

Companion breeds were shaped across many cultures as lap dogs, alert dogs, and close human companions. Selection favoured sociability, attentiveness, adaptability to indoor life, and portability.

Tendencies

Common tendencies

  • Strong social bonding and desire for proximity
  • Alert barking — they tend to vocalize at sounds and movement
  • Can be sensitive to environmental changes and handling
  • Lower exercise needs but high social and mental engagement needs
  • May be less environmentally confident if not socialized

Training

Training considerations

  • Confidence building through structured exposure
  • Manage reactivity and alert barking
  • Socialization — quality exposure to people, environments, and handling
  • Teach calm behaviour and an 'off switch' in the home
  • Build comfort with handling and husbandry

Exercise & Enrichment

Exercise and enrichment

  • Still need structure, training, and mental engagement
  • Purposeful walks matter more than yard time alone
  • Short, engaging sessions suit their attention and size
  • May need extra socialization to build environmental confidence

Care & Household

Care and household considerations

  • Adapt well to indoor and apartment living
  • May develop separation-related behaviours due to strong bonding
  • Need protection from rough handling, large dogs, and extremes
  • Grooming needs vary widely by coat type

Misconceptions

Common misconceptions

Small dogs don't need training.

Many need more structured socialization and confidence work than larger breeds.

Companion breeds are automatically easy.

Alert barking, sensitivity, and separation needs can be significant; training matters.

Considerations

Who should think carefully

  • Homes unable to manage alert barking
  • Families with very young children unless interactions are supervised
  • Owners away for long periods (separation sensitivity)

Breed groups provide useful historical context, not a guarantee of behaviour. Individual temperament is also shaped by genetics, breeding, development, health, learning and environment.