Breed Group
Toy & Companion Dogs
Bred primarily for close companionship and life alongside people.
About the Group
About Toy & Companion Dogs
Toy and companion breeds were developed primarily for companionship, alerting, and close human connection. They are socially attentive, often alert, and can be highly sensitive. Their smaller size does not mean they need less training — in fact, many small breeds need more structured socialization and confidence-building than larger breeds, because their world is proportionally larger and more overwhelming.
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19 completed breed guides in Toy & Companion Dogs
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Typical Energy
Coat Care
19 breeds in this group
Companion
SmallAffenpinscher
A small, compact German companion with a monkey-like wiry face — bold, curious and playful, with moderate-high exercise needs, terrier-like drive and a wiry coat that suits active companion homes prepared for hand-stripping.
View Breed Guide
Toy & Companion
SmallBiewer Terrier
A small long-coated companion breed developed from Yorkshire Terrier lines, known for its tricolour coat, lively personality and close bond with people.
View Breed GuideCompanion
SmallBrussels Griffon
A small, characterful Belgian companion with a bearded pushed-in face — intelligent, alert and devoted, with moderate exercise needs and either a wiry (hand-stripped) or smooth coat that suit companion homes prepared for grooming and attention.
View Breed GuideCompanion Spaniel
SmallCavalier King Charles Spaniel
A gentle, elegant toy spaniel bred for companionship — affectionate, sociable and soft-tempered, with moderate exercise needs, a long silky coat and a significant breed-specific heart-health consideration that demands honest breeder research.
View Breed GuideCompanion
SmallChihuahua
A tiny, alert Mexican companion — bold, loyal and characterful, with moderate exercise needs, a strong bond and significant fragility that demands careful handling, socialization and protection from large dogs and young children.
View Breed GuideCompanion
SmallChinese Crested
A slender, elegant companion that comes in hairless and powderpuff varieties — affectionate, playful and sociable, with moderate exercise needs and significant skin care (hairless) or coat care (powderpuff) that suit companion homes.
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Companion Spaniel
English Toy Spaniel
A small companion spaniel with a gentle, affectionate temperament and deep historical ties to European court life.
View Breed GuideCompanion
SmallFrench Bulldog
A compact, social companion breed with significant health considerations — brachycephalic airway, spinal, skin, eye, and reproductive concerns. Popularity and compact size do not make the breed low-maintenance; breathing, heat, and spinal risks must not be minimized.
View Breed GuideCompanion
SmallHavanese
A sturdy, cheerful Cuban companion with a long silky coat — sociable, intelligent and affectionate, with moderate-high exercise needs, significant coat care and a strong social bond that suit family homes prepared for daily grooming.
View Breed GuideCompanion
SmallJapanese Chin
A small, elegant Asian companion with a long silky coat — gentle, dignified and cat-like, with low-moderate exercise needs, a long coat and mild brachycephalic considerations that suit calm companion homes prepared for grooming.
View Breed GuideCompanion
SmallMaltese
A tiny, elegant companion with a long flowing white coat — gentle, affectionate and sociable, with moderate exercise needs, significant coat care and fragility that suit companion homes prepared for daily grooming.
View Breed GuideCompanion
SmallMiniature Pinscher
A sleek, athletic German companion — bold, energetic and alert with a high-stepping gait, moderate-high exercise needs and a terrier-like temperament that suits active companion homes.
View Breed GuideCompanion Spaniel
SmallPapillon
A small, fine-boned companion spaniel with distinctive butterfly ears — intelligent, alert and energetic, with moderate-high exercise needs, high trainability and a bold character that suit active companion homes.
View Breed GuideCompanion
SmallPekingese
A compact, heavy-fronted Chinese companion with a long coarse coat — regal, loyal and dignified, with low-moderate exercise needs, a long coat and brachycephalic considerations that suit calm homes prepared for daily grooming and heat awareness.
View Breed GuideCompanion Spitz
SmallPomeranian
A compact, fluffy spitz-type companion with a fox-like face — bold, alert and energetic, with moderate exercise needs, a double coat and significant vocalizing that suits active companion homes prepared for grooming.
View Breed GuideCompanion
SmallPug
A compact, charming companion with a wrinkled face and curled tail — sociable, playful and affectionate, with moderate exercise needs and significant brachycephalic breathing, eye and heat-sensitivity considerations that demand honest awareness.
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Companion Dog
SmallRussian Toy
A tiny, elegant Russian companion breed with smooth and long-coated varieties, lively energy and a strong desire for human company.
View Breed GuideCompanion
SmallShih Tzu
A compact, sturdy companion with a long flowing coat — affectionate, sociable and cheerful, with moderate exercise needs, a long double coat and mild brachycephalic considerations that suit family homes prepared for daily grooming.
View Breed GuideCompanion
SmallToy Poodle
A small, elegant companion with a curly coat — intelligent, alert and sociable, with moderate-high exercise needs, high trainability and low shedding that suit active companion homes prepared for professional grooming.
View Breed GuideHistory
Original work and history
Companion breeds were shaped across many cultures as lap dogs, alert dogs, and close human companions. Selection favoured sociability, attentiveness, adaptability to indoor life, and portability.
Tendencies
Common tendencies
- Strong social bonding and desire for proximity
- Alert barking — they tend to vocalize at sounds and movement
- Can be sensitive to environmental changes and handling
- Lower exercise needs but high social and mental engagement needs
- May be less environmentally confident if not socialized
Training
Training considerations
- Confidence building through structured exposure
- Manage reactivity and alert barking
- Socialization — quality exposure to people, environments, and handling
- Teach calm behaviour and an 'off switch' in the home
- Build comfort with handling and husbandry
Exercise & Enrichment
Exercise and enrichment
- Still need structure, training, and mental engagement
- Purposeful walks matter more than yard time alone
- Short, engaging sessions suit their attention and size
- May need extra socialization to build environmental confidence
Care & Household
Care and household considerations
- Adapt well to indoor and apartment living
- May develop separation-related behaviours due to strong bonding
- Need protection from rough handling, large dogs, and extremes
- Grooming needs vary widely by coat type
Misconceptions
Common misconceptions
Small dogs don't need training.
Many need more structured socialization and confidence work than larger breeds.
Companion breeds are automatically easy.
Alert barking, sensitivity, and separation needs can be significant; training matters.
Considerations
Who should think carefully
- Homes unable to manage alert barking
- Families with very young children unless interactions are supervised
- Owners away for long periods (separation sensitivity)
Breed groups provide useful historical context, not a guarantee of behaviour. Individual temperament is also shaped by genetics, breeding, development, health, learning and environment.
Related Groups
Explore related breed groups
Non-Sporting Dogs
A varied collection of breeds whose histories and structures do not fit neatly into a single working category.
Explore GroupSporting Dogs
Developed to locate, flush, point or retrieve game, Sporting breeds were built to work in partnership with people across fields, forests, wetlands and open water. Many are social and highly trainable, but their friendliness can cause owners to underestimate their exercise, scent, retrieving, grooming and adolescent-development needs.
Explore GroupMixed Breeds
Dogs whose traits may reflect more than one breed background and should be understood as individuals rather than formulas.
Explore GroupAcademy Connections
Connect this group to the rest of The Academy
Training & Behaviour
How training principles apply across breed tendencies.
Confidence & Resilience
Building environmental confidence, especially for sensitive groups.
Gear & Equipment
Equipment suited to different sizes, coats and drives.
Working Dogs
How working purpose shapes behaviour and care.
Dog Care
Practical care guidance across life stages.
Browse the Library
The full Academy educational library.
Continued Exploration
Where to go next
Go Deeper
Non-Sporting Dogs
Continue with a related breed group.
OpenPut It Into Practice
Training Foundations
Practical training that applies across this group.
OpenRelated Subject
Dog Care Guidance
Everyday care for dogs in this group.
OpenBroader Academy Path
Working Purpose
How original purpose shapes modern behaviour.
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